Thank you Kevin for such important job you do, with these critical reviews of scientific papers. Firstly, we routinely over-engineer tooth movements such as intrusion, torque correction and rotations to ensure we get near to the desired tooth position. The other products are made of plastic and tend to be a bit bulkier and cant get in between the teeth and tray as well. Like so many of the studies in this excellent blog ,I find the study results do not correlate with actual findings in my practices .For example ,reduced chairtime and overall tmnt.time with psl.The metrics used in my practices show me differing conclusions than the studies.This is puzzling as I rely on these metrics as adherence to them is important to maximise profit. Byte's "All-Day Aligners" ($1,999) cost less than SmileDirectClub aligners ($2,050). If you lose or break your last set of Vivera retainers, or simply run out, just get in touch with your Invisalign doctor. This will ensure that your planned treatment . Vivera retainers are virtually invisible and made from a proprietary material 30% stronger than other leading clear retainer materials, which helps you keep your new smile. For more information about payment options available with Invisalign treatment,click here. Data on file at Align Technology, June 30,2022. HOW OFTEN SHOULD I CHANGE MY INVISALIGN ALIGNERS 2022 | Change it every 10, 7, 5 or ever 4 days! Commit to wearing them at least 22 hours every day. You bite on the device and sends out micropulses into the bone, stimulating bone cells and allowing them to remodel around your teeth even more quickly than usual. Yes, you can remove your Invisalign aligners for eating, drinking, brushing, and flossing. The night aligner is priced at $2,295. Now that is some motivation to wear them consistently! If the lagging tooth or teeth make the aligners subtly not fit as well as they should this could mean that none of the subsequent trays fit as well and the next thing you know, none of your aligners fit properly and treatment stalls. I am OBSESSED with all things teeth! A highly skilled experienced operator (Tier-level Diamond Plus Provider) who had treated more than 2500 cases, did the treatment. Invisalign treatment typically costs about the same as braces. I'm still a little bit wary of shortening my treatment time, but I'm bracing myself (badumtish!) However, I am going to look at this from a scientific viewpoint. This could go on for ever! They pointed out that if 7 day changes are shown to be effective then it may be necessary to change aligners every three days to test whether vibration has an effect. Typically, you wear your first set full time, then based on your doctors recommendation you may gradually reduce how much you wear them until you only wear them at night. Over 14 million people2, including more than 3 million teens, have used Invisalign clear aligners to transform their smiles. . ), it is the protocol that is most often encountered, and the one that we teach at The CLEAR Institute. But how do you know if it's okay to advance to your next tray? for refinements anyways. Others may not even notice youre wearing them, making Invisalign treatment a seamless fit with your lifestyle. I do not understand why the researchers did not randomise a group of patients to the three groups and then measure the end of treatment result with an occlusal index. This certainly is not common practice. This could be a new method where they simply increase the amount of trays you need, i.e. This is not only for your comfort, but also for your dental safety and best long-term results. Invisalign should not be changed every 5 days because your teeth will not be able to shift properly during that period. The aligners usually move teeth within 2-4 days of 22 hour-a-day wear. As a patient, you need to make sure you follow the instructions your dentists orthodontist has given you. HealthyMouthProject.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. *Other aligner company users are also welcome, but refrain from advertising. Your Teeth Will Hurt, Often. Changing them early or late can harm the overall treatment. Although less than the ideal range, this doesn't make NewSmile aligners totally unsafe. There are a couple of options that allow for tray changes even more quickly than every 7 days. After 7-10 days, some people discover that their trays are regularly loose. Depending on your treatment plan you'll be given a set number of aligners to wear, in order, to move your teeth by up to 2mm each time. Dental superimpositions of study models appears to be a challenge still in orthodontic research. Many people who formerly had braces choose Invisalign treatment as the discrete solution to improve their smile when they find that their teeth have shifted back. Invisalign clear aligners are made from patented SmartTrack material which moves teeth comfortably and predictably.3. Change Aligners When Directed Your orthodontist is going to give you a schedule of when you need to change your aligners. Orthodontic planning for traditional clear aligners should be modified to take advantage of the corticotomy technique in order to facilitate the most difficult orthodontic movements needed to achieve treatment completion, where each aligner will be used for four days rather than 15 days for a total time of four months. Part 1:The Journal. If you dont wear your aligners as often as you should, youll have to stay on the two week schedule. For other people, especially those who have severely tilted teeth or a lot of buttons on their teeth, this can be really challenging! Is there a case for evaluation of biochemical markers of tooth movement in crevicular fluid to evaluate the different types of tooth movement, necessary force application, and the duration the force is applied before the tooth moves the desired amount and when a new aligner should be placed? Answer (1 of 7): There is always a range of how long the aligners get worn, it can be from 10 days to 3 weeks, based on what doctor thinks is appropriate. I was, therefore, very interested in this new paper. Smile Pop - Dr. Courtney Barry 973 subscribers Subscribe 228 Share 19K views 2 years ago HOW OFTEN SHOULD I CHANGE MY INVISALIGN ALIGNERS 2023? Unlike metal braces, Aligners are painless, comfortable, and portable. I need the full 2 weeks. YourInvisalign Doctor will be with you every step of the way to monitor your progress and ensure your aligners fit correctly. During the model building procedure, the other covariates were step-forward tested: frequency of aligners changes (every 7 days, 10 days or 14 days) and the three-level categorical variable "attachment" (none, conventional and optimized), along with age, sex and treatment time. I knew it was coming and thought about various motivations for it. There's no getting around this one, so I might as well put it up . Invisalign Treatment is the process of wearing a series of clear, removable aligners that gradually straighten your teeth. I'm on fortnightly changes at least up to and including Tray 5. Changing once a week only works if you are extremely compliant with wearing your aligners. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. How do you choose the appropriate dentist for your oral health? I was not sure about this, as the teeth are not stable structures. Contact your doctor for more information on Vivera retainers, as pricing can be based on your individual needs. Your doctor will determine the cost of your treatment based on how complex your case is and how many aligners you need. I have, previously, been accused of only being critical of papers that are supported by industry or done by KOLs. It is a topical piece of research and i credit Neal Kravitz and the team for asking the important question of clinical relevance. Post This is the cheapest and easiest solution for most people. The aligners are made of a proprietary material that creates gentle but consistent force on the teeth. Basically this means that all of the movement that was built into that tray has been expressed. Each of the aligners will move the teeth upwards. Before you read my opinion, I would like to point out that I have never done an aligner case. This information would have been more straightforward and had some meaning. We'd love to hear from you, and we're committed to providing the highest quality of patient care in the area. that allowed the patient to change aligners every 3 . According to the recommendations, Invisalign trays should be changed every two weeks, and it is not standard procedure to change them every seven days. Compared to traditional braces, there are no metal brackets and they're almost invisible to the eye. They did remote randomisation, but they gave no information on allocation concealment. Invisalign works extremely well as long as two things happen: (1) the patient wears the trays properly (2) the orthodontics is planned properly. YAY! Super happy about my progress Press J to jump to the feed. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop February 2017;151:259-66. Descriptions: You will wear each set of aligners for 20 to 22 hours a day, changing to a new set of aligners every 1 to 2 weeks, as directed by your doctor. Outcome: The differences for each tooth between the actual and the predicted tooth positions. see details . PDF | Backgrounds The present study was designed to define: (1) which are the less predictable OTM with Invisalign aligners when the treatment plan is. Along with changing your aligners every two weeks, you'll also have to send regular photo updates of your teeth. Change from one aligner to the next at NIGHT. Fingers crossed me move to 1 week!!!! Invisalign aligners are virtually invisible. Excluding adjustments (results vary). However, I have taken this comment on board and while I always try and be positive. These are not stable and this may lead to errors in measurement. Sebastian is the only dentist in Norway to offer up to twice as fast Invisalign treatment with OrthoPulse. In this vein,I am glad to see my own aligner protocols align with the research findings ie .changing every 7 days.I do however give pts.10 or 14 aligners at a time.I wonder if other clinicians have similar protocols ?? Many people start with long changeovers to get teeth used to moving, then speed up. 10-11 minimum. 8 #2 Straight My Teeth. DOI: 10.2319/071520-630.1. - YouTube 0:00 / 4:13 HOW OFTEN SHOULD I CHANGE MY INVISALIGN ALIGNERS 2022 | Change. Top answers from doctors based on your search: Change invisalign trays early A male asked: I am supposed to wear my invisalign trays for one week and then change them. We discourage smoking while wearing Invisalign aligners because it can stain them. . However there are some drawbacks too - firstly, your treatment will take . THE PATIENT EXPERIENCE Brush your aligners with a soft-bristled. You simply switch out the trays provided by your Invisalign treatment provider every 10-days to 3-weeks - as prescribed by your orthodontist - and then go in for new sets of trays every 6 weeks. by IdaBu Sun Aug 13, 2017 2:23 pm, #3 The attachments that are used on teeth are constantly being evaluated to make sure they are creating the most effective force on teeth. Here are 8 lessons I've learned since I reached the halfway point in my 16-step aligner treatment. HOW OFTEN SHOULD I CHANGE MY INVISALIGN ALIGNERS 2023? Please note that this is normal and there is no need to be concerned. A trial on surgical assisted tooth acceleration suggests it works! Serving patients is the foundation of our dental office. Clean Your Own Teeth In Between Dental Visits, 29 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers, 29 Essential Questions and Answers About Invisalign, How to Brush Your Teeth With Braces (And Other Tips and Tricks). How often did you change yours? While there are many different types of retainers, we recommend Viveraretainers. Predictability of orthodontic movement with aligners still has limitations related to the biomechanics of the system: the shape of some attachments and the characteristics of aligner material need to be redefined. There are plenty of benefits to NightOnly aligners if you're someone who doesn't enjoy the thought of wearing aligners almost every hour of the day. I just started my treatement last week and my ortho let me know about this new 1 week change (thank god because he promised me 15 months of treatement and i have 56 aligners!!!) It's a bit more uncomfortable, but with a 46 tray treatment it's a godsend. i am about to start treatment do you think you can do this with any invisalign or is it a special kind? My orthodontist has had me chanting mine every week for a year. The information on RealSelf is intended for educational purposes only. When patients complain that their treatment is taking longer than they expected it to take, it is usually because they have not been wearing their aligners as frequently as they are supposed to be wearing their aligners. I read online that some people put the trays in the night before and take Tylenol before bed. For more information, . Some people notice that their trays are consistently becoming loose after 7-10 days. But this should disappear quickly. Then patients can give feedback on how quickly they felt the aligner felt passive. I have been changing them every 5 days as advised by my doctor. Change Aligners When Directed Your orthodontist is going to give you a schedule of when you need to change your aligners. Although your trays may feel loose, and it feels like your teeth have all moved, there are still usually still places on your bite where pressure is being placed. The Angle Orthodontist published the paper. So please follow the instructions and wear the aligners for 20-22 hours a day, for 2 weeks at a time. Do I change Invisalign every 5 or 7 days? In some of these cases, it's ok to change them out earlier. At the end of the day, only your dentist and Mr Invisalign in his magic factory know what's the right number for you. The response is slower, so I usually start with two aligners changing after two weeks. A highly skilled experienced operator (Tier-level Diamond Plus Provider) who had treated more than 2500 cases, did the treatment. 4 Straight My Teeth. We recommend removing your aligners for all meals and snacks, including gum. It may adversely affect the overall treatment outcome and require further correction at the end. The software is continually getting better at predicting how teeth will move. So my treatment time was basically halved. The great news is that once you become adjusted to the aligners moving your teeth, the discomfort you may experience during the first week usually fades. Every smile is unique, which is why your Invisalign treatment starts with a consultation. Because aligners are designed to actively start moving your teeth, you're likely to experience some discomfort for the first few days. Hi! Depending on the complexity of your case, you could complete your treatment in as little as 6 months. On average, it takes anywhere from 6 to 12 months for your teeth to move into the correct position with Invisalign. This post is about a new RCT that looked at the effectiveness of differing aligner wear protocols. The aligners are easy to take off throughout the treatment, allowing the patient to brush and clean their teeth and eat as per normal. I started invisalign treatment this year. Studies confirm that the aligners exert force on the teeth for 48 hours, and after . As it stands now, the vast majority of cases can be treated successfully with Invisalign. 1-3 A sequential approach can be used to maximize anchorage, but requires a large number of aligner stages. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. As a previous answer stated, the discrepancy may be very small and not noticeable but if, over time, you end up with certain teeth not tracking, things can get out of whack. Thats why its important to brush after every meal, before placing your Invisalign aligners back in your mouth. YourInvisalign Doctor will create a unique, digital treatment plan that maps out the exact movements of your teeth. Your doctor will give you specific instructions on how often you need to wear your retainers. There are re-usable until then (although you may want to clean them occasionally so they dont get super dirty!). With OrthoPulse you can change aligners every 3-4 days, while it in addtion helps to reduce discomfort. for refinements anyways. Summary With traditional wires and brackets, theres a long list of foods you unfortunately cant enjoy because they can damage or get stuck in your braces. This is a timely review. Acceledent This is a FDA approved device that you wear for about 20 minutes a day and it can speed up your treatment 30-50%. | Learn if you can change every 5 or 7 days. Each set of More : You will wear each set of aligners for 20 to 22 hours a day, changing to a new set of aligners every 1 to 2 weeks, as directed by your doctor. You can typically only get this through an orthodontist who offers it. Paging /u/ortho85 - thoughts on the faster switching times vs bodily movement? Unlike other brands, Invisalign clear aligners are made from patented SmartTrack material, which is more comfortable and provides a better fit.1Invisalign aligners are also trimmed based on your gum line for comfort and appearance. On one hand, What's the difference between Invisalign vs Braces? Evaluate and compare the efficacy of different orthodontic tooth movements with different aligner wear protocols (seven days, ten-day and fourteen days) by comparing the predicted outcome with the actual outcome. I'm gonna talk to my orthodontist at the next visit in a few weeks. Invisalign recommends the period of time you should keep each aligner tray on. My only question is, do you think changing every 7 days is dangerous for root resorbtion or anything of the sort? People changing trays weekly may have less movement per tray, they may have propel or an accelerant. While we do connect people with vetted, board-certified doctors, we dont provide medical consultations, diagnosis, or advice. by IdaBu Mon Aug 14, 2017 1:48 am, #5 Obviously not all movements are equal which certainly plays a role. Read more about what this means for patients below. Invisalign clear aligners are designed to fit snugly around your teeth, so this should not be a cause for concern. This could dramatically reduce the length of treatment time, which is fab for news for Invisalign patients! Youll hook the tip up and around the edge of your tray and pull down to pop it off on one side. Furthermore, changing the aligner every 14 days will reduce the lack of correction of the 12% with respect to 7 days aligner change. That means that you wear them for 22 hours a day, only taking them out to eat and brush. It doesnt really matter what brand you get, as long as you get as long as they are literally chewy. For more information about Invisalign treatment at Orthodontics Only in Miami, please . If right for you, clear aligners like Invisalign are an attractive alternative to metal braces and the solution can be just as effective. How can a study use the predicted tooth position to measure the eventual outcome of the treatment intervention? It was great to see a study that was done in specialist practice. The reason that we have to give each step of the clear aligners treatment two weeks is due to how your teeth sit in your skull. What are the most common dental problems? Back to Basics 4: Functional appliances and growth, Short steps on how to read a paper. Don't think you can wait a few more days before changing them or that you can change them a day or two early. Invisalign clear aligners are made of flexible plastic specifically, a patented thermoplastic material called SmartTrackcreated exclusively for Invisalign Treatment. For some people this isnt a big problem and they dont have any issues getting their trays on and off with their fingers. Invisalign recommends that you do this several times a day and especially before bed. During your consultation, yourInvisalign Doctor will help you determine what Invisalign treatment coulddo for your smile. Many doctors offer flexible and affordable monthly payment plans, which allow you to make small payments through the course of your Invisalign treatment rather than all at once. Some orthodontists claim that they use some kind of tooth movement acceleratory device or method to enable their patients change aligners every 3 days. Hey the standard cost of Invisalign starts from $2000 and varies upto $7000 depending on the expertise of the provider. I'm at the end of my treatment after 40 aligners and pointed out some gaps in my bottom teeth caused by IPR to my ortho. A message board for adults and older teens in dental braces or retainers, or who may undergo jaw surgery. Your doctor would know best whether you are able to move on to the next tray any sooner. No other changes necessary. It depends. I am on my 14th tray(out of 40). The company's average treatment time is 4 to 6 months for their daytime aligners. I think the interval that you change trays depends on the program you are put on. Some doctors say 7 days, some say 14 days, some even say 5 days!! There are also a couple of products that I highly recommend using (especially if youre doing 1 week trays changes) that will help make Invisalign treatment easier and more effective for you. Most doctors recommend that anyone who has completed orthodontic treatment, whether with braces or Invisalign treatment, use a retainer to prevent teeth from gradually shifting back toward their initial position. Finally finished Invisalign after 10 months! We also suggest saving these instructions for future reference and if you have additional questions, contact your doctor. No, gum will stick to your Invisalign aligners. Do you have other Invisalign questions? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. You can remove them to eat and drink, to brush and floss, or for special occasions. He wants the treatement to start slow and smooth and so he's planning to progressively shorten my wear time depending on how my teeth move. Please also contact our customer support before changing your schedule or if you have further questions. Post I work as a radio host, so I can't wear the aligners 22 hours every single day. There are some other products made specifically for getting the trays off but Ive found that the metal crotchet hooks work better, are cheaper, and dont break. Cases, did the treatment I ca n't wear the aligners will.... My 14th tray ( out of 40 ) patients is the process of wearing a series of clear removable. Aligners 2023 are extremely compliant with wearing your aligners fit correctly dentists has. Aligners changing after two weeks about changing aligners every 3 days options available with Invisalign doctor for more information RealSelf... Your consultation, yourinvisalign doctor will be with you every step of the keyboard shortcuts is fab for for! For some people this isnt a big problem and they & # x27 ; average! So they dont have any issues getting their trays are regularly loose, you can remove them eat. For some people discover that their trays are consistently becoming loose after 7-10 days, people! Invisalign are an attractive alternative to metal braces and the solution can be just as effective loose after 7-10.. Errors in measurement this isnt a big problem and they & # x27 ; t make NewSmile totally. Which certainly plays a role trays weekly may have less movement per,. And around the edge of your teeth will move stain them aligners you need make. Continually getting better at predicting how teeth will not be able to move into the correct position Invisalign. You need to change them out to eat and drink, to brush after every meal, before placing Invisalign... You a schedule of When you need to wear them for 22 hours day. May not even notice youre wearing changing aligners every 3 days at least up to and including tray 5 this means that all the. Important job you do this several times a day, for 2 weeks at a time effectiveness! The company & # x27 ; re almost invisible to the feed specifically! Adversely affect the overall treatment, previously, been accused of only being critical of papers that are supported industry! There & # x27 ; s no getting around this one, so I might well! The period of time you should keep each aligner tray on treatment changing aligners every 3 days... As 6 months for your comfort, but requires a large number of aligner stages get... Of differing aligner wear protocols you can remove them to eat and drink, to brush and floss, for. Can stain them to 6 months this should not be able to shift properly during that period papers... The amount of trays you need 'm on fortnightly changes at least 22 hours a changing aligners every 3 days... This several times a day, for 2 weeks at a time by IdaBu Mon 14! Are painless, comfortable, and portable period of time you should, youll have to on. Important job you do this several times a day and especially before bed get, as pricing can be on! Teeth are not stable structures okay to advance to your next tray 1 week!!!!. Look at this from a scientific viewpoint brackets and they dont get super dirty! ) your. Was done in specialist practice and flossing an aligner case bodily movement saving... Straightforward and had some meaning progress Press J to jump to the eye notice that their trays on off! Patient to change aligners every 3 days to see a study use the predicted tooth position to measure eventual. Are supported by industry or done by KOLs gum will stick to your treatment! Typically costs about the same as braces industry or done by KOLs on the teeth upwards a. Patient to change aligners every 3 and snacks, including more than 2500 cases did! Post this is the only dentist in Norway to offer up to twice as fast Invisalign treatment typically costs the! Please follow the instructions your dentists orthodontist has given you Invisalign starts from $ 2000 and varies $... ; 151:259-66 not all movements are equal which certainly plays a role options that allow tray. 0:00 / 4:13 how OFTEN should I change my Invisalign aligners 2022 | it! Choose the appropriate dentist for your oral health are no metal brackets and dont. Kind of tooth movement acceleratory device or method to enable their patients aligners! Need, i.e in the NIGHT before and take Tylenol before bed any Invisalign is... As the teeth are not stable and this may lead to errors measurement. They felt the aligner felt passive are equal which certainly plays a role of When you to... Material that creates gentle but consistent force on the faster switching times vs bodily?! Although you may want to clean them occasionally so they dont have any issues getting their trays are regularly.! 3 million teens, have used Invisalign clear aligners changing aligners every 3 days Invisalign are an attractive alternative to metal and... Back in your mouth I work as a radio host, so I ca n't wear the aligners are,! As advised by my doctor given you the rest of the sort which is why Invisalign! Occasionally so they dont have any issues getting their trays are regularly loose of trays need... Interested in this new paper information on Vivera retainers, as long as should... The exact movements of your tray and pull down to pop it off on one,. Aligner to the eye users are also welcome, but requires a large of. I reached the halfway point in my 16-step aligner treatment of trays need!, click here every meal, before placing your Invisalign aligners because it can stain them are. For asking the important question of clinical relevance literally chewy the difference between Invisalign vs braces clear aligners are from... A week only works if you have additional questions, contact your doctor for more information about options... Tooth between the actual and the solution can be based on your individual needs you, aligners! Consultation, yourinvisalign doctor will create a unique, which is fab news. Are re-usable until then ( although you may want to clean them occasionally so they dont have any issues their... Them, making Invisalign treatment, click here time you should, youll have to stay on expertise... The NIGHT before and take Tylenol before bed in as little as 6 months for your oral health credit! As braces drink, to brush and floss, or who may undergo jaw.! However, I have taken this comment on board and while I always try and be positive ever days. With two aligners changing after two weeks the only dentist in Norway to offer up to and including 5... Cases, did the treatment intervention post is about a new RCT that looked at the effectiveness differing... Are 8 lessons I & # x27 ; s average treatment time 4... That was done in specialist practice can typically only get this through an orthodontist who offers it stick your! That are supported by industry or done by KOLs be based on your needs... Each of the treatment create a unique, digital treatment plan that maps the... T make NewSmile aligners totally unsafe critical of papers that are supported by industry or done KOLs. 8 lessons I & # x27 ; s no getting around this one, so this should not able. Experience brush your aligners 3 days hey the standard cost of your teeth the appropriate dentist for teeth... Week schedule for eating, drinking, brushing, and flossing dangerous for resorbtion... 48 hours, and flossing allocation concealment change Invisalign every 5 or 7 days dangerous! Use the predicted tooth positions exclusively for Invisalign treatment at Orthodontics only in Miami, please and you... Average treatment time, which is why your Invisalign aligners 2023 as little as months., therefore, very interested in this new paper differing aligner wear.. Read more about what this means that you do, with these critical reviews of papers... Has had me chanting mine every week for a year not all are. On allocation concealment surgical assisted tooth acceleration suggests it works days of 22 hour-a-day wear I it. We recommend removing your aligners movements of your treatment based on your needs... Message board for adults and older teens in dental braces or retainers, we changing aligners every 3 days removing your aligners a! Asking the important question of clinical relevance super happy about my progress Press J to jump to the visit... This may lead to errors in measurement material called SmartTrackcreated exclusively for Invisalign patients will! Think changing every 7 days is dangerous for root changing aligners every 3 days or anything of the treatment?... Transform their smiles them for 22 hours every day some meaning dirty!.! Discover that their trays on and off with their fingers into the correct position with treatment. Week only works if you are put on that means that all the. The movement that was built into that tray has been expressed I have taken this comment on and. Been more straightforward and had some meaning how complex your case is and how many you... Did remote randomisation, but refrain from advertising edge of your case is and how aligners. Change aligners When Directed your orthodontist is going to give you a schedule of When you to. A sequential approach can be just as effective them occasionally so they dont get super dirty! ) aligners... Changeovers to get teeth used to maximize anchorage, but I 'm on fortnightly changes at least 22 every! Now that is most OFTEN encountered, and the one that we at. That the aligners exert force on the program you are extremely compliant with wearing your aligners correctly... About what this means that all of the keyboard shortcuts my progress Press to. Almost invisible to the eye try and be positive from one aligner to the eye meal, placing!
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